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在试验基础上,利用有限元软件ANSYS对3A21铝合金材料激光焊接温度场进行了动态模拟。通过对激光焊接非线性瞬态过程的分析,分析与温度场有关的潜热、热传导、对流、辐射等材料热物理属性,建立了激光焊接的移动热源模型。仿真结果表明:激光焊接薄板铝合金的温度场梯度大,热影响区小;温度场中各点温度呈指数式升高和衰减;焊缝和近焊缝区温度升降急剧,焊缝宽度的仿真结果与试验结果相一致,从而验证了所建立的移动热源模型在激光焊接铝合金薄板温度场模拟中的适用性,在一定程度上揭示了激光焊接的成型机理。
On the basis of experiments, the temperature field of laser welding of 3A21 aluminum alloy was simulated by ANSYS software. By analyzing the nonlinear transient process of laser welding, the thermal physical properties of the material such as latent heat, heat conduction, convection and radiation related to the temperature field are analyzed, and a mobile heat source model of laser welding is established. The simulation results show that the temperature field of the laser welded aluminum alloy plate is large and the heat affected zone is small. The temperature of each point in the temperature field increases exponentially and decayed. The temperature rise and fall of the weld seam and near weld zone are sharp, and the simulation of weld width The results are consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the applicability of the proposed mobile heat source model in the temperature field simulation of laser welded aluminum alloy sheets. To some extent, the forming mechanism of laser welding is revealed.