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本文试图以处于干旱—半干旱气候的华北地区为例,论述地形分水岭地带基岩地下水的水文地质特征,从而为研究整个山区基岩地下水的分布特征和赋存规律提供资料。我国幅员辽阔,地形复杂,山区(包括山地、丘陵和比较崎岖的高原)约占全国总面积的三分之一。因此,研究山区水文地质特征不仅具有理论意义,而且更有十分重要的实际意义。为了进一步说明有关论据,文章的后一部分列举了一些实例。文中山岭地带系指地形分水岭及其毗邻的斜坡地带,多数属于山区的高峻崎岖部分,远离河流(或其它地表水体)高踞于当地侵蚀基准面之上。
Taking North China in arid and semi-arid climate as an example, this paper attempts to discuss the hydrogeological features of bedrock groundwater in the terrain watershed, and provide information for studying the distribution and occurrence of groundwater in bedrock in the whole mountainous area. With its vast territory and complex terrain, the mountainous regions (including mountainous, hilly and comparatively rugged plateaus) account for about one third of the total area of the country. Therefore, studying the hydrogeological features of mountainous areas is not only of theoretical significance, but also of great practical significance. In order to further explain the argument, some examples are given in the latter part of the article. In this paper, the mountain ridge refers to the topography watersheds and adjacent slopes, most of which belong to the high and rugged part of the mountainous area, far away from rivers (or other surface waters) and above the local erosion datum.