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目的了解衡水市职工肝胆系统常见疾病的患病情况及其原因。方法选择2013年在某医院体检科参加健康体检的衡水市职工24 579例,对其肝胆系统B超结果进行分析。结果 (1)衡水市职工肝胆系统常见疾病排在前5位的,从高到低依次为:脂肪肝32.67%、胆囊炎8.19%、肝囊肿6.35%、胆囊息肉3.29%、胆囊结石2.43%。(2)脂肪肝、胆囊炎、肝囊肿的男女检出率分别为41.24%、21.71%;9.34%、6.71%;6.95%、5.58%,男性均明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而胆囊息肉、胆囊结石男女检出率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。(3)胆囊炎、肝囊肿、胆囊结石的检出率随年龄增长而增长(趋势χ2分别为97.896、497.040、210.748,P<0.05),脂肪肝、胆囊息肉呈现先增高后降低的趋势(趋势χ2分别为93.423、4.199,P<0.05)。脂肪肝以51~60岁之间检出率最高,达39.24%,60岁以上检出率反而降低;胆囊息肉41~50岁检出率最高,为4.27%。(4)国家工作人员、专业技术人员、公司职员、工人4类职业人群肝胆疾病的检出率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除肝囊肿外,国家工作人员在脂肪肝、胆囊炎、胆囊息肉、胆囊结石中的发病率较高(分别为:37.41%、10.05%、3.63%、2.26%),工人的发病率最低(分别为:29.40%、6.96%、2.90%、1.77%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论衡水市职工肝胆系统常见的疾病存在明显的性别、年龄、职业分布特点,应重视肝胆超声检查,对发病率高的特定人群进行重点宣教,普及健康知识,预防或减少肝胆系统疾病发病率。
Objective To understand the prevalence and causes of common diseases of liver and gallbladder system in Hengshui workers. Methods A total of 24 579 employees in Hengshui City who participated in physical examination in a medical examination department of a hospital in 2013 were selected and the results of B-ultrasound of hepatobiliary system were analyzed. Results (1) The common diseases of the liver and gallbladder system in Hengshui workers ranked in the top 5, followed by high to low: fatty liver 32.67%, cholecystitis 8.19%, hepatic cyst 6.35%, gallbladder polyps 3.29%, and gallbladder stones 2.43%. (2) The male and female detection rates of fatty liver, cholecystitis, and hepatic cyst were 41.24% and 21.71% respectively; 9.34% and 6.71%; 6.95% and 5.58%, respectively; males were significantly higher than females. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). <0.05); There was no significant difference in the detection rate of gallbladder polyps and gallstones between men and women (P>0.05). (3) The detection rates of cholecystitis, hepatic cysts, and gallstones increased with age (trends χ2 were 97.896, 497.040, 210.748, respectively, P<0.05). Fatty liver and gallbladder polyps appeared to increase first and then decrease (trend). Χ2 were 93.423, 4.199, respectively, P<0.05). The detection rate of fatty liver was the highest between 51 and 60 years old, which was 39.24%. The detection rate of patients over 60 years old decreased; the detection rate of gallbladder polyps from 41 to 50 years old was the highest, which was 4.27%. (4) The detection rates of hepatobiliary diseases in the four professional groups of national staff, professional technicians, company staff, and workers were different, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition to hepatic cysts, the incidence of fatty liver, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, and gallbladder stones was higher among national staff (37.41%, 10.05%, 3.63%, and 2.26%, respectively), and the incidence of workers was the lowest (respectively). For: 29.40%, 6.96%, 2.90%, 1.77%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The common diseases of the liver and gallbladder system in Hengshui workers have obvious gender, age, and occupational distribution characteristics. Hepatobiliary ultrasound examination should be emphasized, and the specific population with high incidence rate should be given important education to popularize health knowledge and prevent or reduce the incidence of hepatobiliary system diseases.