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目的通过了解北京市宣武区麻疹的流行病学特征,为控制、消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2006—2013年北京市宣武区麻疹发病资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2006—2013年宣武区累计发生麻疹228例,发病率为4.20/10万,流动人口发病率明显高于该市人口。麻疹全年均有发病,以3—5月为高峰。<8月龄儿童麻疹病例数占病例总数的11.84%,15~35岁为发病高峰,占病例总数的65.35%。该市病例中有免疫史比例明显高于流动人口病例。患者病前7~21 d就诊史比例较高,院内感染是造成麻疹发病的又一重要因素。结论开展育龄妇女的预防接种,提高流动人口麻疹免疫覆盖率,同时控制医院内感染是控制、消除麻疹的重点。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xuanwu District of Beijing and provide a scientific basis for the control and elimination of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of measles from 2006 to 2013 in Xuanwu District, Beijing. Results A total of 228 measles cases were detected in Xuanwu District from 2006 to 2013, with a prevalence of 4.20 / 100,000. The incidence of floating population was significantly higher than that of the city. The incidence of measles throughout the year, the peak in March-May. The number of children with measles at <8 months of age accounted for 11.84% of the total number of cases, and the peak age at 15 ~ 35 years old, accounting for 65.35% of the total number of cases. A history of immunization in the city cases was significantly higher than the proportion of migrant cases. Patients with pre-sick 7 to 21 d visit a higher proportion of history, nosocomial infection is another important factor in the incidence of measles. Conclusion The vaccination of women of childbearing age to improve measles immunization coverage of floating population, while controlling the hospital infection is the control and eliminate measles.