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目的:评价小腿深静脉入路行经皮机械血栓清除（PMT）治疗全下肢型急性深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的安全性与临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月至2020年8月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院通过患侧小腿深静脉穿刺入路对全下肢型急性DVT患者进行PMT治疗的患者临床资料。所有患者术后至少接受利伐沙班或华法林抗凝治疗6个月，术后常规给予压力梯度袜治疗，分别于术后3、6、12个月及其后每年进行随访。主要终点指标为术后12个月的一期通畅率和术后12个月的血栓形成后综合征（PTS）发生率，次要终点指标包括血栓清除率、手术并发症率、出血并发症率、术后12个月的中重度PTS发生率。结果:共31例患者纳入研究，年龄31~80（63±14）岁，其中男16例，女15例，左下肢DVT 23例，右下肢DVT 8例。采用腓静脉穿刺15例，胫前静脉穿刺6例，胫后静脉穿刺10例。其中合并导管溶栓治疗9例，髂静脉球囊扩张25例，髂静脉支架置入10例。总体血栓清除率Ⅱ级19例（61.3%）、Ⅲ级12例（38.7%）。1例（3.2%）胫前静脉穿刺入路患者发生穿刺点血肿，经加压包扎后好转，无其他出血相关并发症及严重并发症发生。31例患者全部获得至少12个月的随访，随访时间为（22±9）个月。术后12个月髂股静脉的一期通畅率为77.4%（24/31）；术后12个月PTS的发生率为16.1%（5/31），中重度PTS的发生率为3.2%（1/31）。结论:通过小腿深静脉入路行PMT治疗全下肢型急性DVT安全有效，可以一期清除腘静脉远端及小腿流入道血栓，PTS的发生率低，可作为全下肢型急性DVT腔内治疗的首选入路。“,”Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) through ipsilateral calf venous access in the treatment of entire-limb acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Methods:From July 2017 to August 2020, the clinical data of patients with entire-limb acute DVT at Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University treated by AngioJet through ipsilateral calf venous access were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received rivaroxaban or warfarin anticoagulant therapy for at least 6 months after operation. Pressure gradient socks were given routinely after operation. All patients were followed up at 3, 6, 12 months and every year after operation. The primary end points were the 12-month primary patency rate and the incidence of post thrombotic syndrome (PTS). The secondary end points included the thrombus clearance rate, total complication rate, bleeding complication rate and the 12-month incidence of moderate to severe PTS.Results:A total of 31 patients were included in the study. The age ranged from 31 to 80 (63±14) years, including 16 males and 15 females, 23 left lower limb DVT and 8 right lower limb DVT. There were 15 cases treated through peroneal venous access, 6 cases through anterior tibial venous access and 10 cases through posterior tibial venous access. Moreover, 9 cases underwent combined catheter-directed thrombolysis, 25 cases underwent iliac vein percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), and 10 cases underwent iliac vein stenting. The thrombus clearance rate was grade Ⅱ in 19 cases (61.3%) and grade Ⅲ in 12 cases (38.7%). One patient (3.2%) with anterior tibial venous access developed hematoma at the puncture site, which was improved after pressure bandage, and there were no other bleeding and serious complications. All the 31 patients were followed up for at least 12 months, with an average follow-up period of (22±9) months. The 12-month primary patency rate was 77.4% (24/31). The 12-month incidence of PTS was 16.1% (5/31) and the incidence of moderate to severe PTS was 3.2% (1/31).Conclusions:PMT through ipsilateral calf venous access is safe and effective in the treatment of entire-limb acute DVT. Thrombus in the distal popliteal vein can be one-stage removed and the incidence of PTS is low. It is considered as the first choice of access for the endovascular treatment of entire-limb acute DVT.