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水稻抗病虫性研究和利用,是贯彻“预防为主,综合防治”的植保方针,也是综合防治的基础。利用抗性强的水稻良种,不但可少用或不用农药,获得高产稳产,而且可减少环境污染,保护生态自然平衡。近年来国内外抗性育种工作取得很大成绩,多抗性的育种工作越来越被人们所重视。国际水稻研究所培育的IR36多抗品种在第三世界稻区推广了1100万公顷,每年为稻农争得了15亿美元的纯收入。实践证明,为了保证稻谷产量稳步上升,不断满足人们更高的生活要求,必须培育高产、多抗、优质的水稻新品种。为此,就要求科技工作者努力研究,水稻品种资源和杂交后代抗病(虫),鉴定、筛选技术。本文收集国内外对水稻主要病虫的抗性鉴定筛选方法结合研究工作中的一些经验体会编写而成,供有关科技工作者参考。由于水平有限,时间匆促,遗漏和错误在所难免,请读者批评指正。
The research and utilization of rice pest resistance is the guideline of implementing the plant protection policy of “prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control” and also the basis of comprehensive prevention and control. The use of resistant rice varieties, not only with or without pesticides, access to high and stable yield, but also reduce environmental pollution and protect the ecological balance. In recent years, great achievements have been made in resistance breeding at home and abroad. More and more resistance breeding work has been paid more and more attention by people. IR36 strains developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) promoted 11 million hectares in the third world rice area and won about $ 1.5 billion in annual net income for rice farmers. Practice has proved that in order to ensure that the output of rice is steadily rising and constantly meeting the needs of people’s higher life, we must cultivate new rice varieties with high yield, high resistance and high quality. To this end, science and technology workers are required to work hard to study rice varieties and hybrid offspring disease (insects), identification, screening technology. This paper collected at home and abroad on major rice diseases and insect resistance identification screening method combined with some experience in the study prepared from the experience for the relevant scientific and technological workers for reference. Due to limited level, time hurried, omissions and errors are inevitable, please readers criticism.