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立法(制定法律)是国家的一项基本活动。国家机关在其职权的范围内,依照一定的程序制定法律规范的活动即是立法。立法权一般由国家权力机关议会行使。我国宪法规定“全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权”(第58条)。现代资本主义国家的立法权掌握在议会或国会手中。立法机关为了保证立法的质量,严格规定一个合理的程序是必不可少的,因而各国无不重视法律制定程序。法律制定程序一般为:提出法律草案、委员会审查、大会全体会议讨论、表决通过这样4个阶段。现在,分别考察如下。
Legislation (enacting laws) is a basic national activity. Within the limits of their functions and powers, state organs shall legislate to formulate laws and regulations in accordance with certain procedures. The legislative power is generally exercised by the parliament of the state organ. Our Constitution stipulates that “the National People’s Congress and the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress exercise the state legislative power” (Article 58). The legislative power of modern capitalist countries rests with the parliament or the parliament. Legislature in order to ensure the quality of legislation, strict rules of a reasonable procedure is essential, so all countries attach importance to the legal formulation process. The law making process is generally: put forward the draft law, the Committee review, plenary session of the General Assembly to vote through such four stages. Now, examine separately as follows.