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化肥利用率低不仅造成土壤理化性质恶化,影响农作物产量和质量,还浪费资源,加重农民经济负担,同时造成对环境的负面效应。通过5年来测土配方施肥项目中“3414”田间试验研究结果,总结了普洱市玉米生产的基础地力、地力贡献率、玉米的养分吸收量、肥料利用率、肥料贡献率、农学效率。结果表明,玉米配方施肥最大施肥量为:氮肥N 16.4 kg/亩,磷肥P2O5 6.2 kg/亩,钾肥K2O 6.2 kg/亩,最大产量在236.6～788.3 kg/亩之间,平均为555.4kg/亩;最佳施肥量为:N 14.3 kg/亩,磷肥为P2O5 6kg/亩,钾肥为K2O 5.4 kg/亩,最佳产量在252.8～788 kg/亩之间,平均为559.6 kg/亩。大面积示范结果显示,通过测土配方施肥,氮肥利用率提高了1.2%,磷肥利用率提高了6%,钾肥利用率提高5.5%。
The low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers not only causes the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, affects the yield and quality of crops, but also wasting resources, aggravating the economic burden on peasants and causing a negative impact on the environment. Based on the field experiment results of “3414 ” in the soil testing and fertilization project over the past five years, the basic fertility, contribution rate of maize, nutrient uptake of maize, fertilizer utilization rate, fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic efficiency were summarized. The results showed that the maximum fertilization amount of corn formula was N 16.4 kg / mu nitrogen fertilizer, P2O5 6.2 kg / mu phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer K2O 6.2 kg / mu, with the maximum output of 236.6-788.3 kg / mu, with an average of 555.4 kg / mu ; The optimum fertilization rate was N 14.3 kg / mu, P2O5 6 kg / mu for phosphate fertilizer, K2O 5.4 kg / mu for potash fertilizer, and the best yield was 252.8-788 kg / mu with an average of 559.6 kg / acre. Large-scale demonstration results show that fertilization through soil testing, nitrogen utilization increased by 1.2%, utilization of phosphate fertilizer increased by 6%, potassium fertilizer utilization increased by 5.5%.