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为精确定量机插早稻适宜的群体起点,合理利用分蘖成穗,以4个早稻(株两优30、株两优189、中嘉早17和嘉早311)品种(组合)为材料,研究了机插早稻分蘖成穗特性及基本苗公式参数。结果表明,机插早稻一次分蘖主要发生在主茎第3~6叶位,第4、第5叶位为分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位;二次分蘖发生较少,以1/3、2/3、1/4为主,但均不能成穗;单株分蘖成穗数杂交稻约3.1个,常规稻约2.2个;主茎及优势蘖位穗部性状较好,产量高,对总产量贡献大。早稻在三叶期左右移栽,杂交稻移栽分蘖缺位叶龄(bn)为1.7~1.8,校正系数(a)为-1.2~-1.1,有效分蘖发生率(r)为0.75左右;常规稻bn为2.5~2.7,a为-1.3~-1.1,r为0.7左右。生产中机插早稻应在保证足够基本苗的基础上,争取分蘖早生多发,充分发挥优势叶位的分蘖成穗优势,并合理利用动摇分蘖成穗,以获取较多的有效穗而实现高产。
In order to accurately quantify the starting point of appropriate population for early rice and to make rational use of tillering succession, we studied the effects of tillering and earning on four earliest cultivars (ZL230, ZL2000, Zhongjiazao17 and Jiazao311) The characteristics of tillering panicles and the formula parameters of basic seedlings of early rice under mechanical insertion. The results showed that primary tillering of machine-inserted early rice took place at the 3rd to 6th leaves of the main stem, and the 4th and 5th leaves were the dominant leaf positions for tillering and spike formation. The secondary tillers occurred less frequently, with 1/3, 2/3 and 1/4, respectively, but none of them were spike; the number of tillers per plant was about 3.1, and the number of conventional rice was about 2.2. The main characters of stems and elite tillers were good and the yield was high. Total output contribution. Early rice transplanting in the three-leaf stage, hybrid rice transplanting tiller leaf age (bn) of 1.7 to 1.8, the correction coefficient (a) -1.2 ~ -1.1, the effective tillering rate (r) of about 0.75; Conventional Rice bn is 2.5 to 2.7, a is -1.3 to -1.1, and r is about 0.7. In the production of machine-inserted early rice should be based on the guarantee of adequate basic seedlings, for early tillering multiple, give full play to advantages of tiller tillering edge, and the rational use of tilting panicle to obtain more effective ears and achieve high yield.