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为探究地下水侵入采空区后的覆岩移动及覆岩残余变形对地表的影响规律,以金家庄煤矿为例,利用相似材料物理模拟试验方法,对煤层开挖至地表稳沉、稳沉后地下水侵入采空区的覆岩移动过程进行长期观测分析。结果表明:地下水侵入对残留煤柱的浸泡、溶蚀作用破坏覆岩原有的应力平衡状态,采空区出现岩体孔隙、裂隙和空洞的再压密,并伴随岩块的转动和蠕变等“活化”现象,地表再次下沉;由下而上,从垮落带、裂隙带到弯沉带的岩层活动强度逐渐减弱;采空区中央的地表下沉比其他区域的地表下沉明显,地表下沉呈对称分布,下沉范围随时间的延长而逐渐扩大。
In order to explore the influence of overlying strata movement and overburden residual deformation on surface caused by groundwater intrusion into mined-out area, taking Jinjiazhuang Coal Mine as an example, a similar material physical simulation test method was used to excavate coal seam to surface stable and stable Long-term observation and analysis of overlying strata movement after groundwater intrusion into goaf. The results show that the infiltration of groundwater into the residual coal pillar soaks and dissolves the original stress balance of the overlying strata, and the compaction and deformation of the rock pores, fractures and voids appear in the goaf with the rotation and creep of the rock mass. From the bottom up, the activity of rock strata from the collapse zone to the bend zone gradually weakened; the surface subsidence in the center of the goaf was more obvious than the surface subsidence in other areas , The surface subsidence showed a symmetrical distribution, sinking range gradually extended with time.