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目的分析黎平县2007-2011年间甲乙类传染病发病趋势和流行特征,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法对黎平县2007-2011年度法定传染病报告采用描述流行病学方法进行疫情资料综合分析。结果黎平县2007-2011年度甲、乙类传染病共报告7 734例,年均发病率为295.35/10万,报告发病率前5位的是结核、乙肝、痢疾、淋病、甲肝,占总发病数的95.51%,职业以农民、学生和散居儿童为主,分别占发病数的74.50%,8.08%6.22%。发病年龄以青壮年为主,男女之比为1.8︰1,病种以呼吸道传染病例为主,占总报告发病数的45.10%,其次是血源性及性传播疾病,占总报告数的39.78%。结论黎平县2007-2011年法定传染病报告年均发病率逐年下降,但肺结核、乙肝、痢疾、淋病、甲肝是威胁黎平县人民身体健康的主要病种。今后传染病防制的重点应是在加强肺结核、乙肝为主的传染病防治的基础上,进一步加大对痢疾、淋病、甲肝传染病的监测和防控力度。
Objective To analyze the trend and epidemic characteristics of Class A and B infectious diseases in Liping County from 2007 to 2011, and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods A comprehensive epidemiological analysis of epidemics of Liping County from 2007 to 2011 was conducted by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 7 734 cases of A and B infectious diseases were reported in Liping County from 2007 to 2011, with an average annual incidence of 295.35 / 100 000. The top five reported cases were tuberculosis, hepatitis B, dysentery, gonorrhea and hepatitis A, accounting for the overall incidence Accounting for 95.51% of the total number. Occupations were dominated by peasants, students and scattered children, accounting for 74.50% and 8.08% respectively of the incidences and 6.22% respectively. The age of onset was mainly young and middle-aged, with a male to female ratio of 1.8︰1. The majority of cases were respiratory infections, accounting for 45.10% of the total reported cases, followed by blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases, accounting for 39.78% %. Conclusion The average annual incidence of notifiable infectious diseases reported in Liping County decreased from year to year. However, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, dysentery, gonorrhea and hepatitis A are the main diseases threatening the health of people in Liping County. In the future, the focus of prevention and control of infectious diseases should be to strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control of dysentery, gonorrhea and hepatitis A infectious diseases on the basis of strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases including tuberculosis and hepatitis B.