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目的了解重庆市九龙坡区甲乙类肠道传染病的流行趋势和特点,为制定防制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析1997-2012年九龙坡区法定报告的甲乙类肠道传染病三间分布特点,并比较分析各种疾病的变化情况;率的比较采用双侧χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果甲乙类肠道传染病年均发病率155.79/10万,占甲乙类传染病总数的37.13%,死亡率0.02/10万。主要病种痢疾占80.97%;甲型肝炎占11.56%。发病时间集中在7~9月,占34.58%;城区高于农村,城乡发病率比例为2.21∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 791.98,P<0.01);人群分布:0~4岁散居儿童占25.37%,20~49岁青壮年占38.32%,男女性发病率之比为1.16∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=106.93,P<0.01)。结论甲乙类肠道传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势,痢疾是肠道传染病疫情的主要病种,今后应进一步加强健康教育、饮水和食品监管等综合防制工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological trends and characteristics of Class A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, and to provide evidence for the development of control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the three distribution characteristics of Class A and B infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District from 1997 to 2012. The changes of various diseases were compared and analyzed. Bilateral χ2 test was used to compare the rates of P < 0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The average annual incidence of Class A and B intestinal infectious diseases was 155.79 / lakh, accounting for 37.13% of the total number of Class A and B infectious diseases and the death rate was 0.02 / 100,000. The main disease dysentery accounted for 80.97%; hepatitis A accounted for 11.56%. The onset time was concentrated in July to September, accounting for 34.58%. The urban area was higher than that in rural areas, the incidence rate of urban and rural was 2.21:1, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1 791.98, P <0.01). The population distribution was 0-4 years old Diaspora accounted for 25.37%, young adults aged 20 to 49 accounted for 38.32%, male to female incidence ratio was 1.16: 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 106.93, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence of Class A and B intestinal infectious diseases is generally declining. Dysentery is the major disease of intestinal infectious diseases. In the future, comprehensive prevention and control work such as health education, drinking water and food control should be further strengthened.