论文部分内容阅读
近代开埠前后,中国的贸易网络发生了很大变化。由京广水道和沿海航线所组成的相交于广州的“V”字型国内贸易网络转变为由长江水道和沿海航线所组成的交汇于上海的“T”字型国内贸易网络,多核心的朝贡贸易网络也被以上海、香港为中心的双核心国际贸易网络所取代。明代,宁波港是朝贡贸易网络中重要的节点;清代,宁波港和日本等国的民间贸易很兴盛,西欧商人也一直希望能在宁波港开展贸易,因此港口的外向化明显;上海港在清嘉庆年间才取代刘河港成为苏州地区的出海港,和东北等地的豆货贸易非常发达,上海港逐渐成为国内贸易的重要港口。开埠后,中国贸易网络的巨变,一方面促进了上海港的外向化,另一方面又导致作为上海港近邻的宁波港趋于内向化,最终沦为上海港的支线港。
Before and after the modern port opening, China’s trade network has undergone great changes. The “V” -shaped domestic trade network intersected by the Jing-Guang Channel and the coastal route was transformed into a “T” -shaped domestic trade network composed of the Yangtze River waterway and the coastal route that converged on Shanghai. The multi-core tribute trade network has also been replaced by a dual-core international trade network centered around Shanghai and Hong Kong. In the Ming Dynasty, Ningbo Port was an important node in the tributary trade network. The non-governmental trade in the Qing Dynasty, Ningbo Port and Japan was prosperous. The Western European traders also always wanted to trade in Ningbo Port. Therefore, the outward portization of the port was obvious. During the Jiaqing Reign, Liuhe Port was replaced by a port of departure in Suzhou and the soybean trade with Northeast China was developed. Shanghai Port became an important port for domestic trade. After the opening of ports, the tremendous changes in China’s trade network facilitated the outward port of Shanghai on the one hand, and on the other hand led to the inward port of Ningbo Port, the neighbor of Shanghai Port, eventually becoming the port of Shanghai Port.