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为研究不同耕作方式农田土壤积温特征及其对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响,本试验将土壤积温与冬小麦的生育时期结合,合理评价免耕农田热量资源的利用状况,为该技术的改善提供理论依据。研究于2005年在河北省栾城县设置了翻耕、旋耕、免耕处理,系统测定了冬小麦田耕层土壤温度和冬小麦的生长动态。结果表明:免耕各生育时期土壤平均温度最低;土壤活动积温在出苗期高于翻耕,幼苗期和返青拔节期高于旋耕,但耗时较长;免耕越冬期寒冷度较低,具有保温效应;免耕农田低温使冬小麦出苗晚1d,分蘖晚3d,返青推迟2d;免耕冬小麦株高降低,分蘖率、叶面积指数、干物质量在各时期均显著低于翻耕和旋耕,且显著降低产量37.3%和33.7%。免耕农田土壤低温阻碍作物生长,推迟冬小麦生育时期是降低地上部生物量和产量的主要原因,热量资源利用效率低,建议发挥免耕节约农时的作用适时早播,利用强分蘖力品种提高免耕冬小麦产量。
In order to study the characteristics of accumulated soil temperature and its effect on the growth and yield of winter wheat in different tillage systems, the experiment combined the accumulated soil temperature with the growth period of winter wheat to rationally evaluate the utilization of heat resources in no-tillage farmland and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement in accordance with. The study set up in 2005 in Luancheng County of Hebei Province tillage, rotary tillage, no-tillage treatment, the system was measured winter wheat field soil temperature and winter wheat growth dynamics. The results showed that the average temperature of soil was the lowest in each tillage period, the accumulated soil temperature was higher in the seedling stage than that in the tillage, the seedling stage and the turning-back stage were longer than the rotary tillage, but took a long time; No-tillage farmland low temperature so that the emergence of winter wheat 1d later, late tillering 3d, retreat postponed 2d; No-tillage winter wheat plant height reduction, tillering rate, leaf area index, dry matter content were significantly lower than the tillage and tillage , And significantly reduced the yield by 37.3% and 33.7%. The low temperature in no-till farmland hinders crop growth, postponing the growth of winter wheat is the main reason for reducing the aboveground biomass and yield, the utilization of caloric resources is low, it is suggested to play the role of no-tillage and save farm time timely sowing, using strong tillering varieties to improve Plow winter wheat production.