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国民经济是有机的整体,各部门、各地区、各行业、各企业之间有着千丝万缕的联系。这些联系大体有两种。一种是纵向的联系,即从国务院的部(委)、省(市、自治区)的厅(局)到市(县)的局,再到所属企业之间的联系。一种是横向的联系,即各地区、各部门、各城市、各行业、各企业之间的联系。横向的联系不同于纵向的联系。纵向联系主要依靠行政手段,而横向联系主要运用经济手段。横向联系包括生产的协作,商品的流通,科学技术的合作,人才的开发和流动,信息的沟通,资金的
The national economy is an organic whole. There are countless links between various departments, regions, industries and enterprises. There are two generalities of these connections. One is the vertical link, that is, from the Department of State Council, the provincial (city, autonomous region) hall (bureau) to the city (county) Bureau, and then to the affiliated enterprises. One is the horizontal linkages, that is, the linkages between regions, departments, cities, industries and enterprises. Horizontal links are different from vertical links. Longitudinal ties mainly depend on administrative means, while horizontal ties mainly use economic means. Horizontal links include collaboration in production, circulation of commodities, cooperation in science and technology, development and movement of personnel, communication of information, financing