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本文试验研究了宽浅明渠横向取水时的分流特性及泥沙在引水渠中的淤积。试验结果表明，当渠首为无闸引水时，渠道中将产生回流，进入渠道的泥沙在回流区产生严重的淤积，影响渠道的正常引水。进而提出了在渠首建闸的方案，试验研究了闸门的形式、布置方案、过流能力、闸门开度及渠道的断面形态、泵房前池形状等水力学问题和在设计高低水位时的泥沙淤积问题，并提出了相应的防淤清淤措施。试验结果表明，选定的闸门布置形式和渠道形状基本能满足引水的要求。采用高速水流搅拌冲沙的方法能有效地防止泥沙淤积。本文的研究结果对相似的工程有参考价值，并可为数学模型的验证提供试验数据。
In this paper, the tributary characteristics and silt deposition in the diversion channel when water is taken in and out of the open channel are studied experimentally. The test results show that when the head of the canal is gateless, the backflow will occur in the channel, and the sediment entering the channel will cause serious siltation in the backflow zone, affecting the normal diversion of channels. And then put forward the program of building gates at the head of the canal, experimentally studied the gate forms, layout schemes, overcurrent capacity, gate opening and channel cross-section shape, the shape of the front of the pump room and other hydraulic problems and the design of high and low water level Sediment deposition problems, and put forward the corresponding silt silt removal measures. The test results show that the selected gate layout and channel shape can basically meet the requirements of water diversion. Using high-speed flow mixing sand flushing method can effectively prevent sediment deposition. The results of this paper have similar values for similar projects and provide experimental data for the verification of mathematical models.