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我国的国企改革走过了二十年的历程,目前已进入了改革的攻坚阶段和触及关键问题的时期,一些深层次的矛盾集中暴露出来,突出表现在企业富余人员多、历史包袱重、资金不足、债务和社会负担重、企业办社会、企业经营机制不活等问题上。国企在改革过程中既要支付与历史欠帐有关的老帐,解决人员负担与债务负担,又要承担国企改革中的补充资金、改良陈旧设备的新帐。从而使得国企既是改革的载体,又是改革成本的承担者。因而,降低国企改革中所支付的成本成为国企改革最大的动力,也是改革中面临的主要问题。
The reform of state-owned enterprises in China has gone through 20 years. At present, it has entered a period of crucial stage of reform and a period when it touches on key issues. Some deep-rooted contradictions have been exposed in a concentrated manner, highlighting that there are many redundant enterprises, heavy historical burdens, Inadequate debt and social burdens, social problems in enterprises, and inactivation of business operations. In the process of reforming, state-owned enterprises should pay both old accounts related to historical debts and personnel and debt burdens, as well as supplement funds for the reform of state-owned enterprises and improve new accounts of old equipment. So that state-owned enterprises are both a carrier of reform and an undertaker of reform costs. Therefore, reducing the cost paid in the reform of state-owned enterprises becomes the biggest impetus for the reform of state-owned enterprises and also the major problem in the reform.