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为加强木薯现有选育材料和引进种质的研究利用,本研究以主栽品种SC8和SC205为对照,对142份选育材料和8份瑞士引进新种质进行了16个表型性状的鉴定和EST-SSR标记,分析和评价其遗传多样性;运用主成分分析法挖掘高产木薯种质。分子标记聚类分析表明种质间的遗传相似系数均值为0.652,基于表型性状的聚类遗传相似系数均值为0.186,2种聚类结果之间差异显著,但均表明种质间有一定的遗传差异。2年产量相关性状调查结果差异极显著,表明受环境影响较大。产量相关性状的主成分分析结果表明,C322综合评价表现最好,G74综合评价表现最差,同时,有47份选育材料的综合评价优于2份对照。在今后杂交育种工作中可选择亲缘关系较远且表型差异互补的种质作为杂交亲本,以进一步聚合优良性状,改良不利性状。
In order to strengthen the research and utilization of the existing selection materials and introduced germplasms in cassava, the main cultivars SC8 and SC205 were used as control, and 142 phenotypic traits were obtained from 142 breeding materials and 8 new germplasm introduced from Switzerland Identification and EST-SSR markers, analysis and evaluation of genetic diversity; using principal component analysis of high-yielding cassava germplasm. Cluster analysis showed that the average of genetic similarity coefficient between germplasm was 0.652. The average of genetic similarity coefficient based on phenotypic traits was 0.186. There was significant difference between the two clustering results, but both indicated that there was a certain Genetic differences. The results of the 2-year yield-related traits survey showed significant differences, indicating that they are greatly affected by the environment. The principal component analysis of yield-related traits showed that the C322 comprehensive evaluation was the best, the G74 comprehensive evaluation was the worst, and the comprehensive evaluation of 47 breeding materials was superior to the two controls. In the future hybridization and breeding work, germplasms with distant genetic relationship and complementary phenotypes may be selected as hybrid parents to further aggregate excellent traits and improve unfavorable traits.