论文部分内容阅读
“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”这句话经常被提及,但它似乎更像是传闻而缺乏事实性的证据,尤其是在涉及儿童和青少年(年轻人)时。然而,现在有大量证据表明,在多样化大样本量年轻人受试者当中,有规律地摄取早餐与营养性强、生活方式佳的健康结果相关,能防止体重增加及营养缺乏,能降低慢性病的风险因素。这一证据已经被评论过,但鲜有人关注早餐构成与健康的关系。越来越多的证据表明,对年轻人而言,某些特定的早餐对健康尤为有利,研究焦点是即食性谷物类早餐和早餐血糖指数。通过逐渐提高血糖控制和饱腹感,将高血糖指数早餐替换为低血糖指数早餐,对于超重的年轻人而言可能更为有利。因此,本文旨在拓展之前关于早餐摄取和健康的文献回顾,进一步研究早餐构成及早餐血糖指数。关于早餐的摄取通常是基于大型横断面研究:而关于早餐血糖指数则主要基于对照型实验研究,试验样本相对较小。有时,需要借鉴成人研究基础的文献来支撑以年轻人为对象的研究成果,或是强调在年轻人群中严重缺乏实际例证的领域。年轻人以及青少年儿童群体越来越不注重早餐,因此有必要制订策略推动年轻人有规律地摄取健康早餐。未来的研究应更加注重早餐构成,探讨控制早餐摄取与健康之间关系的机制,通过与高血糖指数早餐比较来论证规律性摄取低血糖指数早餐的益处。
The phrase “breakfast is the most important meal of the day” is often mentioned, but it seems more akin to anecdotal evidence lacking factuality, especially when it comes to children and adolescents (young people). However, there is ample evidence that regular intake of high-volume, young, large-sample subjects correlates with well-nourished, lifestyle-friendly health outcomes that prevent weight gain and nutritional deficiencies and reduce chronic disease Risk factors. This evidence has been criticized, but few people are concerned about the composition of the relationship between health and health. There is growing evidence that certain special breakfasts are particularly beneficial to the health of young people, with the focus of research on instant cereal breakfast and breakfast glycemic index. By gradually increasing glycemic control and satiety, replacing a high glycemic index breakfast with a low glycemic index breakfast may be more beneficial for overweight young people. Therefore, this article aims to expand previous literature review on breakfast intake and health to further study breakfast composition and breakfast glycemic index. The intake of breakfast is usually based on a large cross-sectional study. The breakfast glucose index is mainly based on comparative experimental studies, and the test sample is relatively small. In some cases, there is a need to draw on the literature of adult research to support research targeted at young people or to emphasize the critical absence of practical examples in young people. Young people, as well as adolescents and children groups, are becoming less focused on breakfast, so it is necessary to devise strategies to promote regular, healthy intake of young people. Future research should pay more attention to the composition of breakfast to explore the mechanism of controlling the relationship between breakfast intake and health, and to demonstrate the benefits of regular intake of hypoglycemic breakfast by comparing with breakfast of high blood sugar index.