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按照与火灾发生区的方位将森林划分为火灾核心区、火灾边缘区、地下火发生以及对照(未发生火灾)等四类;同时,按照树种将其划分为兴安落叶松纯林、白桦纯林及兴安落叶松、白桦混交林等三类,对阿尔山地区1998年“5.13”雷击火发生迹地林下植被的自然恢复状况进行了调查。结果表明:提出的分级标准能够反映林分遭受不同强度火灾后植被恢复状况的差异。火灾核心区受害程度最重,在物种丰富度、物种多样性、灌草地上生物量等方面均居于最低水平;地下火发生区林受害部分多在地下,各项指标位居次要地位;火灾边缘区林分虽受到一定的危害,但各项指标在所有受害林分中居最高水平。不同程度受害区域内的乔灌木年轮数呈现随危害程度增加而减少的趋势。混交林的恢复力强于纯林,兴安落叶松也显示了比白桦更强的恢复力。通过林下阳性植物与阴性植物代表种相对盖度的比值变化,对林下植被的灾后演替进行了研究,结果表明,火灾核心区林位于林窗阶段,地下火发生林处于建立阶段,而火灾边缘区林与对照均处于成熟阶段。对火灾后的人工改善措施进行探讨。文章提出从年轮的宽度与分布规律、林分初级生产力与灌草地上生物量的关系及林分节肢动物群落等方面做深入分析。
In accordance with the location of the fire zone, the forest is divided into four categories: fire core area, fire fringe area, underground fire occurrence and control (without fire). At the same time, the forest is divided into pure Larch Larix, Betula platyphylla pure forest And Xing’an larch, mixed Betula platyphylla and other three types of forest in Aershan 1998 “5.13” lightning fire occurred in the natural restoration of the status of vegetation were investigated. The results show that the proposed grading standards can reflect the difference of vegetation restoration after forest fires suffered different intensities. The highest degree of damage was found in the core area of fire, which was at the lowest level in species richness, species diversity and aboveground biomass of shrubs and grasslands. Most of the victims of underground fire occurred in the ground and the indicators ranked secondly. Fire Although the fringe area is harmed to a certain extent, all the indexes have the highest level in all the damaged areas. The annual number of shrubs and shrubs in the affected areas showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the degree of damage. The resilience of mixed forest is stronger than pure forest, Larix larch also showed stronger resilience than white birch. The succession of the forest undergrowth after the disaster was studied by the ratio of the relative coverage of the positive plants under the forest and the negative plants. The results showed that the fire core forest was located in the forest gap and the underground fire forest was in the establishment phase. The fringe area of fire and the control are in a mature stage. After the fire man-made improvement measures are discussed. The article proposes that the width and distribution of annual rings, the relationship between the primary productivity of forestry and the aboveground biomass of shrub and herb and the community of arthropod in forest should be analyzed in depth.