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目的评价综合干预对中山市部分五金加工行业工人非致死性职业伤害率、医疗耗费、职业安全氛围及行为的影响。方法 2013年12月—2014年12月对中山市5家金属加工企业开展综合干预,干预措施包括对劳动者、车间、企业3个不同层面的综合干预,共分3个阶段开展相应的干预措施,干预时间1 a,运用自填式问卷调查职业安全氛围及职业安全行为。比较干预前后企业职业安全氛围、职业安全行为各项指标得分的变化及职业伤害发生率的情况。结果干预前后企业劳动者职业安全氛围得分、职业安全行为各维度得分较干预前均有所提高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);有2家企业职业伤害发生率显著下降,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.673和8.931,均P<0.01);配对t检验分析5家企业干预前后的一次性医疗赔付费用都有不同程度下降(t=44.63,P<0.01)。结论通过对劳动者、车间及企业3个不同层次人员的综合干预措施,能有效改善五金加工行业工人职业安全氛围及职业安全行为,从而有效降低劳动者职业伤害发生率。
Objective To evaluate the impact of comprehensive intervention on the occupational injury rate, medical expenditure, occupational safety and occupational safety in part of the metalworking industry in Zhongshan City. Methods From December 2013 to December 2014, a comprehensive intervention was carried out on five metal processing enterprises in Zhongshan City. The interventions included comprehensive interventions on three different levels of workers, workshops and enterprises, and the interventions were conducted in three stages , Intervention time 1 a, using self-administered questionnaire survey occupational safety and occupational safety behavior. Before and after intervention in the workplace occupational safety climate, changes in occupational safety behavior indicators score and the incidence of occupational injuries. Results Before and after the intervention, scores of occupational safety and occupational safety in all dimensions of occupational safety were all higher than those before intervention (all P <0.01); occupational injuries in two enterprises decreased significantly, with differences Statistical analysis (χ ~ 2 = 6.673 and 8.931, both P <0.01); Paired t-test analysis of five companies before and after the one-time medical intervention costs have decreased to varying degrees (t = 44.63, P <0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive interventions for workers, workshops and enterprises at three different levels can effectively improve the occupational safety environment and occupational safety behaviors of workers in hardware processing industry, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of occupational injuries among workers.