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在苏联动力工程中,把根据管道的金属残余变形所确定的蠕变速度,作为评价运行过程中动力部件的蒸汽管道的状态和可靠性的标准之一。运行10万小时变形值等于1%看作是临界情况,变形量超过1%的蒸汽管道,不问运行期限如何均认为是不许可的。尽管在早期的研究工作中,没有为这个标准建立足够严格的科学依据,但热电站的运行经验从原则上证实了采用这个标准的合理性。此外,实际上在热电站里所有已知的铬钥钢和铬钼钒钢管道的破坏都发生在残余变形大大超过1%的情况下。因此,特别是对于设计期限为20万小时的动力部件,对所采用的全部锅炉用钢,很有必要精确化其残余变形标准。本文列出了动力工程上最广泛采用的12CrlMoV钢在这个问题方面的某些研究结果。研究工作是在专
In the Soviet power engineering, the creep speed determined according to the metal residual deformation of the pipeline was taken as one of the criteria for evaluating the status and reliability of steam pipes of power components during operation. Deformation value of running 100,000 hours is equal to 1% as a critical situation, the deformation of more than 1% of the steam pipe, regardless of the duration of the operation are considered to be impermissible. Although no rigorous scientific evidence was established for this standard in earlier research efforts, the operational experience with thermal power plants has in principle demonstrated the reasonableness of adopting this standard. In addition, virtually all damage to chrome molybdenum-vanadium steel pipes in the thermal power plant occurred in the case of residual deformations well in excess of 1%. Therefore, especially for power components with a design life of 200,000 hours, it is necessary to accurately calibrate the residual deformation standards for all steel used for boilers. This paper presents some of the findings of the most widely used 12CrlMoV steel in power engineering on this issue. Research work is in the area