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碘是合成甲状腺激素的必需元素，对神经系统发育至关重要。孕产妇作为特殊人群，对碘的需要量包括自身需要量和子代生长发育所需求的量，摄入碘量减少将导致碘缺乏。目前，严重碘缺乏对妊娠结局和子代神经系统发育产生的不可逆影响已明确，但轻至中度碘缺乏对子代神经系统发育的影响尚有争议。因此，妊娠期及哺乳期应通过监测母体的碘营养状况，早期发现、早期诊断碘缺乏，并通过及时合理的补碘，甚至甲状腺素替代治疗，来防治碘缺乏。“,”Iodine is an essential trace element for the synthesis of thyroid hormone that are important for the development of the nervous system.Pregnant and lactant women are particularly susceptible to iodine defi-ciency because of the increased requirement of iodine , including increased thyroid hormone production , maternal renal clearance and overall losses to fetus or infant .Iodine deficiency has close relationship with maternal obstetric complications and neuropsychological development of offsprings .The effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency on cognition are less well known than those of severe iodine deficiency .It is essen-tial to diagnose iodine deficiency and supply with iodine timely ,even with thyroid hormone replacement thera-py,to prevent the iodine deficiency.