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目的分析不同工业污染物源对呼吸系统疾病患者住院利用影响的相关程度。方法利用《中国统计年鉴》和《中国卫生统计年鉴》相关数据,对我国2004—2012年累积工业污染物的排放量(Xi)与卫生部门综合医院13种呼吸系统疾病患者住院利用率(Yi)之间进行双变量相关性及建立线性回归模型分析。结果 13种呼吸系统疾病患者全国卫生部门综合医院住院医疗服务利用率、累积人均工业污染物排放量都呈逐年上升增长趋势。流行性感冒患者的住院医疗服务年平均增长率为36.73%,其次为外部物质引起的肺病患者为31.95%和肺炎患者30.75%;最慢的是百日咳年平均增长率为2.74%。而工业污染物排放量增长最快的是累积人均工业废气的排放量为41.12%,最慢的是累积人均工业固废的排放量为14.49%。与累积人均工业烟尘、粉尘、固废排放量相关关系最大的是慢性扁桃体腺样体疾病(r=0.877、0.867、0.839),与累计人均二氧化硫(SO_2)排放量和废水相关关系最大的是外部物质引起的肺病(r=0.920、0.875);与废气相关关系最大的是慢性肺源性心脏病(r=0.911);回归模型分析显示,废气只与除百日咳、流行性感冒、鼻咽恶性肿瘤之外的10种疾病呈线性相关(P<0.05)。结论呼吸系统疾病患者住院利用程度与工业废气、SO_2、烟尘的排放相关度更高。
Objective To analyze the correlation between different industrial sources of pollution and hospitalization of patients with respiratory diseases. Methods Based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook and China Health Statistical Yearbook, the cumulative emissions of industrial pollutants (Xi) in China from 2004 to 2012 and the hospitalization utilization rate (Yi) of 13 kinds of respiratory diseases in the general health department were calculated. Bivariate correlations and the establishment of linear regression model analysis. Results The utilization rate of inpatient medical services and the cumulative per capita industrial pollutant emissions of 13 kinds of respiratory disease patients in the national health department general hospital increased year by year. The average annual growth rate of hospitalization services for patients with influenza was 36.73%, followed by 31.95% of patients with lung disease caused by external substances and 30.75% of patients with pneumonia. The slowest rate was 2.74% of the average annual rate of whooping cough. The fastest growing industrial pollutant emissions are cumulative emissions per capita of industrial emissions of 41.12%, the slowest cumulative emissions per capita of industrial waste was 14.49%. Chronic tonsill adenoid disease (r = 0.877, 0.867, 0.839), which had the most significant correlation with accumulated per capita industrial dust, dust and solid waste emissions, had the highest correlation with accumulated SO 2 emissions and wastewater Substance-induced lung disease (r = 0.920, 0.875); the most related to the exhaust gas was chronic pulmonary heart disease (r = 0.911); regression model analysis showed that exhaust gas only with the addition of pertussis, influenza, The 10 diseases were linearly related (P <0.05). Conclusion The degree of hospitalization of patients with respiratory diseases is more correlated with the emissions of industrial waste gas, SO 2 and soot.