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目的研究苯巴比妥和卡马西平长期服用对癫痫患儿智能的影响。方法选择新近诊断的原发性强直阵挛性癫痫、无明显智力低下，且单药治疗有效者。随机分为苯巴比妥和卡马西平组，并设一正常对照组。采用自身对照方式，分别于治疗前、治疗半年或两年半后测查韦氏智测、社会适应能力、Ｐ３００，并进行家长问卷调查。综合判断患儿智力功能。结果癫痫组治疗前，智商和社会适应能力正常者分别占４７．６２％和６９．８４％；而对照组分别为９３．３３％和９６．６７％。Ｐ３００潜伏期延长者在癫痫组占３０％。三组儿童言语智商、操作智商、总智商以及Ｐ３００潜伏期治疗前后差异均无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ０． ０５）。直线相关分析示：总智商与语文、数学成绩呈正相关（ ｒ＝０．４９， Ｐ＜０．０１， ｒ＝０５３， Ｐ＜０．０１）。与 Ｐ３００潜伏期呈负相关（ ｒ＝－０．４６， Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论常规剂量下苯巴比妥、卡马西平长期服用对癫痫患儿智力无明显影响，应正规服药。
Objective To investigate the long-term effects of phenobarbital and carbamazepine on the intelligence of children with epilepsy. Methods The newly diagnosed primary tonic clonic epilepsy was selected, with no obvious mental retardation and effective monotherapy. Randomly divided into phenobarbital and carbamazepine group, and set a normal control group. The self-control method was used to measure Wechsler’s cognitive ability, social adaptability, P300, and parental questionnaire before treatment, half a year or two and a half years after treatment respectively. Comprehensive assessment of children with intellectual function. Results Before the epilepsy group was treated, IQ and social fitness were 47.62% and 69.84% respectively, while those in the control group were 93.33% and 96.67% respectively. P300 latency extension in the epilepsy group accounted for 30%. There was no significant difference in verbal IQ, IQ, total IQ and P300 latency between the three groups (P> 0.05). Linear correlation analysis showed that total IQ was positively correlated with Chinese and math scores (r = 0.49, P <0.01, r = 053, P <0.01). And P300 latency was negatively correlated (r = -0.46, P <0.01). Conclusion Long-term use of phenobarbital and carbamazepine at regular doses has no significant effect on the intelligence of children with epilepsy, and should be taken regularly.