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根据我国复杂多样的自然条件,小麦高产的产量结构有多穗型、重穗型和中间型三种。一般说来,北方麦区品种多属冬性,分蘖力强,气候干燥,生长中后期温度较高,植株营养体生长受到一定限制,高产主要依靠增加穗数,所以,形成多穗型产量结构。而南方气候多雨,品种属春性,分蘖力较弱,冬季气温较高,小麦前期生长发育快,茎叶旺盛,如果穗数过多,易产生倒伏,因此,高产主要依靠增加穗重而形成重穗型产量结构。介于南北方之间的地区,小麦高产的产量结构多为中间型,但是,在同一地区,由于所采用的品种与栽培途径不同,在产量结构上也会有差异。
According to the complicated and diverse natural conditions in our country, the yield structure of high-yielding wheat has three types: panicle type, panicle type and intermediate type. In general, northern wheat varieties are mostly winter, strong tillering ability, dry climate, high temperature in the late growth period, vegetative growth of plants subject to certain restrictions, high yield mainly by increasing the number of spikes, so the formation of multi-spike yield structure . However, the climate in the south is rainy, the varieties are springy, the tillering power is weaker, the winter temperature is higher, the growth and development of wheat are quicker and the stems and leaves are exuberant. If the number of spikes is too much, it is easy to produce lodging. Therefore, high yield mainly relies on increasing panicle weight Heavy panicle production structure. In the area between north and south, the yield structure of wheat is mostly middle type. However, in the same area, the yield structure will be different due to different varieties and cultivation methods.