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本文首先就近年来蓬勃发展起来的、博得机械工程界颇大关注的新型工程结构材料-蠕铁,国内外的研究现况作一鸟瞰。然后综述了当前在蠕铁的组织、性能研究方面国内外的进展,同时也概略地介绍了笔者在铁素体蠕铁强韧化试验研究方面的最新成果。文中从动力机械的发展趋势——高速、高功率化、轻量化,对其受强热、强载零件的材质提出的新要求的角度出发,论述了蠕铁的发展和性能研究的方向。指出,在保持蠕铁所特有的良好铸造性能和导热性能的前提下,采用合适的热处理工艺或添加Mo、Ni、Cu等元素来合金化,以期提高其强韧性和热疲劳强度,是适应热力机械的发展需要的,工作是有预见性的,也是充分发挥蠕铁的潜在能力所必走的途径。并以法国热机协会在PC柴油机活塞选材上的变迁作为佐证。最后提出蠕铁研究的几点设想。
In this paper, firstly, a new type of engineering structural material, which has drawn great attention in recent years, has won great attention in the field of mechanical engineering, such as vermicular iron, a bird’s eye view of the research status at home and abroad. Then, the current progress in the study of the organization and properties of vermicular iron is reviewed. At the same time, the author also briefly introduces the latest achievements of the author in the study of the toughness of ferrite vermicular iron. This paper discusses the development of vermicular graphite and the direction of its performance research from the perspective of the development trend of power machinery - high speed, high power, light weight, and its new requirements on the material of strong heat and strong load parts. It is pointed out that under the premise of maintaining the good castability and thermal conductivity peculiar to vermicular iron, suitable heat treatment or addition of Mo, Ni, Cu and other elements are alloying to improve its toughness and thermal fatigue strength. Mechanical development needs, work is predictable, but also give full play to the potential of vermicular iron must go the way. And to the French Heat Engineers in the PC Diesel piston material changes as evidence. Finally put forward several ideas of vermicular iron research.