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小麦黄矮病是由麦蚜类传播的一种病毒病害,除为害小麦外,也为害大麦、燕麦、糜子等作物及多种禾本科杂草。冬、春小麦在各个阶段都可感染黄矮病,受病小麦一般叶片呈姜黄色,植株有不同程度的矮化,养分合成和积累的功能降低,因而造成减产。发病和减产程度因罹病迟早和品种而有不同,经试验测定,“碧玉”、“阿勃”等小麦在冬前很病的约减产50％左右,返青后拔节前罹病的约减产30-40％,孕穗前罹病的约减产20％,抽穗后约减产10％。在大麦上叶片病变呈枯黄色,燕麦呈紫红色,糜子呈土红色。现有生产上的小麦品种都能感染小麦黄矮病,除一些农家种表现具有较多的抗病、耐病性外,一般新引育推广的良种,多表现较易感染。特别是国外引入的丰产、抗条锈的亲本如“阿勃”、“阿夫”、“欧柔”、“碧玉”、“尤皮”、“胜利”、“托巴里”、“拜尼莫”、“早熟1号”、“德拉道尼”等,多属严重感病型。
Wheat yellow dwarf virus is a virus disease transmitted by the wheat aphid. It not only harms wheat, but also crops such as barley, oats and millet and various grass weeds. Winter wheat and spring wheat can be infected with yellow dwarf disease in all stages. The general wheat leaves are ginger yellow with varying degree of dwarfing and the functions of nutrient synthesis and accumulation are reduced, which leads to the decrease of yield. The morbidity and the degree of yield reduction are different due to the early or late onset of disease. According to the test, the wheat yield of “Jasper” and “Abel” is about 50% less than before winter and about 30- 40%, diseased before booting about 20% reduction in yield, about 10% reduction after heading. Leaf lesions in barley was brown, oat was purple, millet was earth red. Existing wheat varieties on the production of wheat yellow dwarf virus can be infected, in addition to some of the performance of farmers with more disease resistance, disease resistance, the general introduction of breeding new varieties, more prone to infection. In particular, the high-yielding and stripe rust-resistant parents introduced from abroad such as “Abe”, “Afu”, “Ou Rou”, “Jasper”, “You Pi”, “Victory”, “Tobago” “,” Precocious No. 1 “,” De La Doni ", etc., mostly belong to severe susceptibility type.