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本试验旨在研究施磷量与小麦产量及其构成因素、小麦种子活力影响,为生产中合理施用磷肥、生产高活力种子、提高小麦产量提供理论依据。采用裂区试验设计,以春小麦‘新春26号’(A_1)、‘新春34号’(A_2)为主区,施磷量为副区,设P_0、P_1、P_2、P_3、P_4共5个水平,分别为0、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2。结果表明,施磷量对春小麦干物质总量、籽粒产量、收获指数、穗粒数、千粒重、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗根长、幼苗苗长均有极显著性影响(P<0.01),对主穗长、结实小穗数影响不显著(P>0.05);品种间籽粒产量有极显著性差异(P<0.01),主穗长呈显著差异(P<0.05);种子活力与籽粒产量有显著相关性,与主穗长、结实小穗数、千粒重、施磷量间有着极显著相关性。在0~135 kg/hm~2范围内增施磷肥能够增加小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量,提高种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,增加其干鲜重、根系长度,提高春小麦种子活力;但过量施用磷肥不利于小麦产量及其构成因素的进一步提高。磷肥施用量为135 kg/hm~2时,2个品种春小麦产量及种子活力显著高于其他各施磷处理,因此从经济角度来看,磷肥最适施加量为135 kg/hm~2。
The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of phosphorus application rate, wheat yield, its components and the vitality of wheat seeds, providing a theoretical basis for the rational application of phosphate fertilizer, production of high-vigor seeds and wheat yield. The experimental design of fissure area was adopted to take the spring wheat ’Xinchun 26’ (A_1) and ’Xinchun 34’ (A_2) as the main areas, and the phosphorus application was taken as the subordinate area. Five P_0, P_1, P_2, P_3 and P_4 , Respectively, 0,45,90,135,180 kg / hm2. The results showed that the amount of phosphorus application had a very significant effect on the total dry matter content, grain yield, harvest index, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling root length and seedling growth of spring wheat (P <0.01), and had no significant effect on the main spike length and number of spikelets (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference in grain yield among cultivars (P <0.01) There was a significant correlation between seed vigor and grain yield. There was a significant correlation between seed vigor and grain length, spikelet number, number of spikelets, grain weight and phosphorus content. In the range of 0 ~ 135 kg / hm ~ 2, application of P fertilizer increased the number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of wheat, increased the seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, increased dry and fresh weight, Improve the vitality of spring wheat seed; However, excessive application of P fertilizer is not conducive to further increase of wheat yield and its components. The yield and seed vigor of two varieties of spring wheat were significantly higher than those of other treatments when the amount of phosphate fertilizer was 135 kg / hm ~ 2. Therefore, from the economic point of view, the optimum amount of phosphate fertilizer was 135 kg / hm ~ 2.