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Background Candidal esophagitis is the primary infection among all digestive tract opportunistic ones in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases. X-ray manifestation reports of it are still rare. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis on the X-ray data of 6 AIDS cases complicated with candidal esophagitis,and to study the X-ray characteristics of it combined with the findings from gastroscopy.Methods Among 6 cases in this series,all cases were confirmed by Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to be HIV positive and all of them had CD4 cell counts less than 150×106/L. All cases underwent X-ray and gastroscopy,and mycelium were found in the mucous membrane of the esophagus.Results In this series,the findings of the X-ray were as follows:(1) Affected areas:Four cases in the whole esophagus,2 cases in the middle and lower part of esophagus;(2) Abnormal motivity:Six cases had decreased tension,loose walls,weakened peristalsis,decreased number of peristalsis waves and delayed emptying of barium;(3) Abnormal contour:Six cases had the sign of "decorative border" or "brush",two cases had narrowed canal;(4) Abnormal membrane and "cobblestone sign":Six cases had thickened membrane and "cobblestone sign" on the surface of the abnormal membrane. The hyperemia of mucosa was covered tightly with yellow-white pseudomembrane spots. This was in accordance with the small cobblestone-like filling defect found by X-ray.Conclusions If the AIDS cases have dysphagia,and X-ray shows that more than two sections of the esophagus are affected,with decreased motility,the walls in the sign of "brush" or "decorative edges",thickened membrane with "cobblestone sign",candidal esophagitis is highly possible.