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Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp 1) and mitochondrial division.To investigate the effect of Mdivi-1 on cells treated with glutamate,cerebral cortex neurons isolated from neonatal rats were treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 hours.Normal cultured cells and dimethyl sulfoxide-cultured cells were considered as controls.Apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry.Changes in mitochondrial morphology were examined by electron microscopy.Drp1,Bax,and casp ase-3 expression was evaluated by west blot assays and immunocytochemistry.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using the JC-1 probe.Twenty-four hours after 10 mM glutamate treatment,Drp1,Bax and caspase-3 expression was upregulated,Drp1 and Bax were translocated to mitochondria,mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and the rate of apoptosis was increased.These effects were inhibited by treatment with 50 μM Mdivi-1 for 2 hours.This finding indicates that Mdivi-1 is a candidate neuroprotective drug that can potentially mitigate against neuronal injury caused by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.