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以甘蓝型油菜DH系群体为材料,连续3 a在不同环境下,对产量及产量相关性状的表型变异,相关性和主成分进行分析,研究影响产量及构成的主导因子。研究结果表明:单株产量的变异系数最大,为22.24%,其次为单株生物量,为20.16%,株高的变异系数最小,为8.88%;单株产量与大多数相关性状呈极显著的正相关,且与千粒重和单株生物量的相关性最高,达到0.8以上,表明了生物量和千粒重对于产量的提高具有重要作用;千粒重和一次有效分枝数皆与角果粒数呈极显著的负相关,表明了角果粒数的减少有利于油菜籽粒重量的增加和一次有效分枝数的增多;株高与分枝高度呈极显著正相关,降低株高可以有效降低油菜分枝高度,从而有利于选育抗倒伏油菜材料。对产量及产量相关性状的主成分分析发现,这些性状可归纳为产量因子、籽粒因子、有效分枝相关因子和主花序角果因子等4个综合指标;4个主成分累积贡献率达到82.40%,基本上可以反映油菜在正常生长条件下,产量相关性状和产量状况。因此,在油菜高产育种中,首先需要加强单株生物量、千粒重和角果粒数的选择;其次是株高、分枝高度、一次有效分枝数、主花序长度和主花序角果数等性状的改良。
The DH strain of Brassica napus was used as material to analyze the phenotypic variation, correlation and main components of yield and yield-related traits for 3 consecutive days in different environments, and to study the dominant factors that affect yield and composition. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) per plant was the largest (22.24%), followed by the biomass per plant (20.16%), with the smallest coefficient of variation (8.88%). The yield per plant was most significantly correlated with most of the related traits And had the highest correlation with 1000-grain weight and plant biomass, reaching above 0.8, indicating that biomass and 1000-grain weight played an important role in the increase of grain yield. Both the 1000-grain weight and the effective branch number were extremely significant The results showed that the reduction of the number of pods was beneficial to the increase of rapeseed grain weight and the increase of effective number of branches. The height of plant was significantly and positively correlated with the height of branches. Reducing plant height could effectively reduce the height of rapeseed , Which is conducive to breeding lodging rapeseed material. The principal component analysis of the traits related to yield and yield found that these traits could be summarized as four comprehensive indexes of yield factors, grain factors, effective branch-related factors and main inflorescence pectoral factors. The cumulative contribution rate of four principal components reached 82.40% , Basically can reflect the rape in the normal growth conditions, yield-related traits and yield status. Therefore, in rapeseed breeding, we must first strengthen the choice of plant biomass, 1000-grain weight and number of pods; followed by plant height, branch height, the number of effective branches, the length of the main inflorescences and the number of main inflorescences Trait improvement.