too用法小结

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  副词too看似简单,但它在英语中的使用频率又
   极高,且使用时往往容易出错,因此,能否正确掌握其使用方法,对于英语学习者,特别是初学者具有重要的作用。笔者在多年的英语教学中,摸索出了too的若干使用规律,现略述如下,希冀能对广大读者有所帮助。
  
  1. too一般放于肯定句末,表示“也”。
  e.g. I know the answer, too. 我也知道答案。
  注意:否定句末的“也”须用either.
  e.g. I don誸 know the answer, either. 我也不知道答案。
  
  2. too有时可放在句首以便引人注目,达到强调的目的。
  e.g. Too, the reader will find in this book many interesting pictures. 读者也会在这本书中发现许多有趣的图片。
  
  3. 在第二次否定时,可用also或too代替以加强主语的语势,但其必须放于否定词前。
  e.g. She, too, isn't of peasant class origin. 她也不是出身于农民阶级。
  I also don't know what it means. 我也不知道这是什么意思。
  I, too, don't know what it means. 我也不知道这是什么意思。
  
  4. 在第二次否定时,如果其否定词是由否定前、后缀构成的,便不能用also要用too。
  e.g. I dislike the film, and my husband dislikes it, too. 我不喜欢这部电影,我丈夫也不喜欢。
  He became wordless, and his lawyer was wordless, too. 他哑口无言,他的律师也哑口无言。
  
  5. 在回答肯定句中,too有时可作extremely或absolutely用 ;在否定句中,too有时可作very用。
  e.g. Mary supposes she is charming—too right. 玛丽想她很迷人吧——迷人之极。
  My husband doesn't like the novel too much.我丈夫不喜欢那本小说。
  The boss was none too satisfied with the result. 老板对这个结果不很满意。
  
  6. 一般表示否定的意思,即“太……不能……”。
  e.g. He was too tired to go any further.他太疲倦不能再往前走了。
  It is too hot for work.天太热无法工作。
  
  7. 以下几种情况中的too...to...表肯定
  1) too后的adj.为表示某种心情或倾向性的adj.,如 :happy, glad, pleased, easy, willing, ready, eager, quick, delighted, kind, ready, simple等.
  e.g. He is too happy to be invited by that couple. 受到那对夫妇的邀请他真是太高兴了。
  I am too eager to go abroad. 我渴望出国。
  It is too simple to say "thank you? 说一声“谢谢您”是很容易的事情。
  They were too ready to go with you. 他们很乐意和你一起去。
  2) too前有only, all, not, but等词修饰时,only too, all too等相当于“很”,“非常”,“极端”等。
  e.g. They are all too ready to move into the big city. 他们都很乐意搬到大城市去。
  The problem is only too easy to solve. 这个问题非常容易解决。
  He can not move too far away to suit! 他走得越远越好。
  My mother knows but too well to hold her tongue. 我母亲深知少说为妙。
  3) have too many (much)...to...
  e.g. The teacher had too many such books to share. 老师有很多这样的书可以分给大家。
  Today he just happened to have too much to drink. 他今天恰好多喝了一点酒。
  
  参考文献
  
  道格希. 兰登书屋韦氏美语学习词典[M]. 北京 :外语教学与研究出版社,1997(8).
  吴谨谨. 英语常用同义、近义词辨析[M]. 上海 :华东理工大学出版社,2006(1).
  张芳杰. 牛津现代高级英汉双解词典[M]. 商务印书馆、牛津大学出版社,1995.
  
  注:本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以PDF格式阅读原文。
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