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研究了中南地区不同纬度带花岗岩母质发育的黄棕壤、红壤和砖红壤九个剖面的粘粒矿物组合、粘粒氧化物与化学组成。结果表明:黄棕壤、红壤、砖红壤粘粒中的高岭石含量依次增加,2:1型矿物含量依次减少,黄棕壤中14埃矿物含量高,在剖面1中全是蛭石,在剖面2中一部分为14埃过渡矿物,另一部分为蛭石。红壤中14埃矿物含量较少且绝大部分是14埃过渡矿物。砖红壤中几乎不含14埃矿物。黄棕壤不含三水铝石,红壤、砖红壤则含微量或少量三水铝石。与土壤粘粒矿物组合相一致,黄棕壤、红壤、砖红壤中粘粒的硅铝率,氧化镁的含量依次减少,氧化钾的含量相差较小,铁的游离度依次增加。据此结果,讨论了所研究土壤粘粒矿物的风化蚀变系列及其14埃过渡矿物的形成和热稳性。
The clay mineral assemblage, clay oxide and chemical composition of nine profiles of yellow brown soil, red soil and latosol in different latitudes of central and southern China were studied. The results show that kaolinite contents in clay of yellow brown soil, red soil and red brick soil increase in turn, the content of 2: 1 type minerals decreases in sequence, the content of 14 Å mineral in yellow brown soil is high, all of vermiculite is in profile 1, In section 2 a part of 14 ounce transition minerals, the other part of the vermiculite. The 14 Angstrom mineral content in the red soil is less and the vast majority is 14 Angstrom transitional mineral. Brick red soil contains almost 14 ounces of minerals. Yellow brown soil does not contain gibbsite, red soil, brick red soil contains trace or a small amount of gibbsite. Consistent with the clay mineral assemblage, the silica-alumina ratio and magnesia content of clay in yellow-brown soil, red soil and brick-red soil decreased in turn, the content of potassium oxide varied slightly and the iron freeness increased in sequence. Based on these results, we discuss the formation and thermal stability of the weathering and alteration series of soil clay minerals studied and their transition minerals of 14 Angstroms.