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采用ISSR分子标记技术对福建省闽江流域10个野生蕉自然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,结果显示:12条ISSR引物共检测出117个条带,105个多态性条带,多态性百分率为89.7%;野生蕉Nei遗传多样性指数为0.244,Shannon’s信息指数为0.381,其中三明野生蕉遗传多样性水平最高,且不同自然居群间遗传多样性指数之间具有显著性差异;总遗传变异系数为0.589,基因流为0.349,居群间的遗传分化程度高于居群内;基于遗传距离的聚类结果与模型聚类结果均聚为3大类,分别为沙溪支流的三明野生蕉类群、闽江上游及附近支流的南平野生蕉类群和闽江下游的福州野生蕉类群。研究认为,闽江流域野生蕉资源丰富的遗传多样性主要来源于自然居群间生境异质化所引起的高频率遗传变异,且三明野生蕉类群的遗传多样性和遗传分化程度最高,可能是福建野生蕉的起源中心,也是野生蕉资源开发和利用的最主要群落。此外,水流是闽江流域野生蕉遗传迁移最关键的自然主导因素。
ISSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 10 wild populations of Minjiang River in Fujian Province. The results showed that 117 bands and 105 polymorphic bands were detected by 12 ISSR primers , And the percentage of polymorphism was 89.7%. The Nei’s genetic diversity index was 0.244 and the Shannon’s information index was 0.381, among which Sanming wild banana had the highest genetic diversity and the genetic diversity index among different natural populations was significant The total genetic variation coefficient was 0.589, the gene flow was 0.349, the degree of genetic differentiation among the populations was higher than that of the population; the clustering results based on the genetic distance and the model clustering results clustered into three major categories, namely Shaxi Tributaries of Sanming wild banana groups, Minnan upstream and adjacent tributaries of the Nanping wild banana groups and the Minjiang River downstream Fuzhou wild banana groups. The study suggests that the genetic diversity of wild banana resources in the Minjiang River valley is mainly due to the high-frequency genetic variation caused by habitat heterogeneity among natural populations. The genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the wild banana populations in Sanming is the highest, possibly Fujian wild banana origin center, but also the development and utilization of wild banana resources the most important community. In addition, water flow is the most critical natural predominance for the wild plantain migration in the Minjiang River Basin.