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基于块的运动估计是视频压缩国际标准中广泛采用的关键技术。在对目前运动估计快速块匹配算法研究的基础上，描述了运动估计的原理；揭示了在图像质量、搜索速度和压缩码率等方面提高算法效率时存在的3类主要问题：初始搜索点的选择、匹配准则和搜索策略；分别阐述了目前常用的解决这3类问题的方法，并进行了比较和分析；提出了对运动估计算法的一些展望。
Block-based motion estimation is a key technique widely used in video compression international standard. Based on the research of the current block matching algorithm for motion estimation, the principle of motion estimation is described. Three main problems are found to improve the efficiency of the algorithm in terms of image quality, search speed and compression rate: the initial search point Selection criteria, matching criteria and search strategies. The methods commonly used to solve these three types of problems are described and compared and analyzed respectively. Some prospect of motion estimation algorithms are proposed.