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一、民族史传统与全球史研究路径以往的现代历史科学主要是在民族(国家)史的框架下进行的,至少自19世纪以来在西方国家是这样的。不管在大学还是在中小学,历史科学作为现代专业的机制化,都在民族国家史的框架下进行。绝大多数历史学家把他们的主要精力花在自己的即在本国的、本民族历史诸方面的研究上。一般而言,这主要是由于民族构建的巨大影响力,它不仅深刻影响了政治改革与革命,而且深刻影响了文化、习俗与人们的思维习惯。具体而言,这是由于民族构建与历史科学之间的紧密同盟。猛力崛起的民族国家推进了历史科学的机制化与对历史学家的专业认可,而历史学家则常常充当民
I. The Tradition of National History and the Research Path of Global History Historically, modern historical science was mainly conducted within the framework of the history of the nation (state), at least since the 19th century in Western countries. Regardless of being in university or in primary and secondary schools, history science, as a mechanism of modern professionalism, is conducted under the framework of the nation-state history. Most historians spend their main energies on their own, that is, on the research of various aspects of their own national history. Generally speaking, this is mainly due to the tremendous influence of nation-building. It not only profoundly affects political reform and revolution, but also profoundly influences the culture, customs and people’s habits of thinking. Specifically, this is due to the close alliance between national construction and historical science. The vigorous rise of the nation-state promoted the institutionalization of historical science and the professional recognition of historians, who often act as civilians