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本文使用1978年至2010年的全国教育统计汇总资料以及全国妇女社会地位调查的原始数据,从性别视角审视改革开放以来中国普通高中教育在促进性别平等上取得的成就以及存在的问题。针对普通高中教育机会中的性别差异,文章还分阶段建立普通高中教育机会影响因素统计模型,分析改革开放以来性别因素对中国城乡男女儿童在获得普通高中教育机会的影响程度及其变化趋势。文章认为改革开放以来,我国普通高中教育领域的性别平等得到极大的促进,但普通高中教育领域的性别平等状况滞后于基础教育领域,重男轻女的性别不平等观念继续存在,并对儿童教育状况的性别差异产生很大影响:(1)偏好男孩的社会性别观念影响农村家庭内部教育资源支配过程,使女童,尤其是农村女童在获取普通高中教育机会和权利上被边缘化;(2)男孩偏好会影响普通高中教育资源投入在缩小普通高中教育机会的性别差距上的效率,在不平等的社会性别观念的作用下,普通高中教育资源的增加不能有效缓解儿童,尤其是农村儿童在普通高中教育领域的性别不平等。
Based on the data of the National Education Statistics from 1978 to 2010 and the original data of the National Survey of Social Status of Women, this paper examines the achievements made by ordinary Chinese high schools in promoting gender equality since the reform and opening up and the existing problems from a gender perspective. In view of the gender differences in ordinary high school education opportunities, the article also builds up a statistical model of the influencing factors of ordinary high school education opportunities by stages, and analyzes the influence of gender on the access to ordinary high school education opportunities for urban and rural Chinese since the reform and opening up. The article holds that since the reform and opening up, the gender equality in our country’s ordinary high school education has been greatly promoted. However, the situation of gender equality in ordinary high school education lags behind in the field of basic education. The concept of gender inequality in patriarchal society continues to exist. (1) The preference of boys for gender perspective affects the process of controlling the educational resources within rural families, so that girls, especially rural girls, are marginalized in their access to ordinary secondary education opportunities and rights; (2) The preference of boys will affect the efficiency of general high school education resources in narrowing the gender gap in ordinary high school education. Under the influence of unequal gender concept, the increase of ordinary high school education resources can not effectively alleviate the ineffectiveness of children, especially those in rural areas. Gender inequality in high school education.