论文部分内容阅读
病毒病是马铃薯的重要病害,当前马铃薯病毒病的防治策略主要是生产脱毒种薯、选育抗病毒病品种和利用抗病毒物质。茎尖培养和热处理是脱除马铃薯病毒常用的方法;蚜虫作为马铃薯病毒最主要的传播媒介,不同种类的蚜虫传播病毒的能力不一样,监控蚜虫的发生动态,施用杀虫剂、矿物油、灭秧都是控制蚜虫的有效方法;种薯认证体系控制马铃薯病毒病传播是最有效的手段,在我国还刚刚起步。一些抗马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯Y病毒和马铃薯S病毒的基因已经被标记,为马铃薯抗病毒品种的选育提供了基础,采用转基因工程手段培育抗病毒病马铃薯品种也取得了重要进展。通过施用核酸中嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的合成类似物、植物有效成分、水杨酸等物质来抑制马铃薯病毒活性、提高植物对马铃薯病毒病的抗性方面取得了重要成果,但尚不能满足实际生产的需要。因此,建立种薯认证体系,通过加强遗传研究、资源改良,结合现代生物技术选育抗马铃薯病毒病品种是我国今后防治马铃薯病毒病的重点。
Virus disease is an important disease of potato. At present, the prevention and cure strategies of potato virus disease are mainly to produce virus-free seed, breeding anti-virus diseases and using antiviral substances. The tip culture and heat treatment are the common methods to remove the potato virus. Aphids, as the most important vector of potato virus, have different abilities to transmit virus. Aphids monitor the dynamics of aphids, apply pesticides, mineral oil, Seedlings are an effective way to control aphids; seed potato certification system to control the spread of the virus is the most effective means of virus in our country has just started. Some anti-potato X virus, potato Y virus and potato S virus genes have been labeled, which provides the basis for the breeding of potato antivirus varieties. The transgenic engineering has also made important progress in the development of anti-virus potato varieties. Potential achievements have been achieved by applying synthetic analogs of purine and pyrimidine bases in nucleic acids, plant active ingredients, salicylic acid and the like to inhibit potato virus activity and enhance plant resistance to potato virus disease, Need. Therefore, the establishment of seed certification system, by strengthening genetic research, resource improvement, combined with modern biotechnology breeding of potato virus disease is the focus of future prevention and control of potato virus disease in our country.