论文部分内容阅读
渤海湾是对虾、毛虾、毛蚶及各种鱼类的主要产卵场之一,天津、河北海区地处渤海湾底,自然条件优越,基础饵料丰富,历史上有“天然渔场”之称,近十几年来,由于海洋污染加剧,尤其是陆源的污染导致了近海海水有机物、石油、氮磷含量的急剧增加,赤潮频繁发生;同时由于海洋捕捞强度增加,资源保护力度不够,以及沿岸养殖业的迅猛发展,致使渤海湾渔业资源急剧下降,尤其是享誉海外的中国对虾资源几乎绝迹。1999～2002年连续四年对渤海湾(天津、河北)海区鱼、虾、贝产卵场的水质、生物、资源情况进行调查,结果表明,目前渤海湾产卵场产卵季节最大的污染指标是氮、磷,平均值分别为0.48mg/L 和0.049mg/L,分别超出一类海水水质标准2.4倍和3.2倍;叶绿素含量在0.36～4.18mg/m~3之间;初级生产力在37.3～517.6毫克碳/m~2日之间;鱼苗(卵)平均量为4.3尾/m~3,虾、蟹平均量为1.9只/m~3;贝类幼体390个/m~3。
Bohai Bay is one of the main spawning grounds for shrimp, shrimp, catfish and all kinds of fish. Tianjin and Hebei are located in the bottom of the Bohai Bay with excellent natural conditions and rich basic food supply. Historically, there have been “natural fisheries” In the past ten years, the frequent occurrence of red tides due to intensified marine pollution, especially from terrestrial sources, resulted in a sharp increase in the contents of organic, petroleum and nitrogen and phosphorus in offshore seawater. At the same time, due to the increase of marine fishing intensity, the protection of resources was not enough, The rapid development of aquaculture led to a sharp decline in the fishery resources in the Bohai Bay. In particular, the prawn resources that are renowned overseas are virtually extinct. From 1999 to 2002, the water quality, biology and resources of fish, shrimp and shellfish spawning in the Bohai Bay (Tianjin, Hebei) were investigated for four consecutive years. The results showed that at present, the largest spawning season pollution index in the spawning grounds of Bohai Bay Is nitrogen and phosphorus, the average values are 0.48mg / L and 0.049mg / L respectively, which exceed the 2.4 times and 3.2 times of the seawater quality standard of a class respectively; the chlorophyll content is between 0.36 and 4.18mg / m ~ 3; the primary productivity is 37.3 ~ 517.6 mg / m ~ 2 days. The average amount of fry (eggs) was 4.3 / m ~ 3, while that of shrimp and crab was 1.9 / m ~ 3.