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目的掌握泸州市农村环境卫生现状及主要危害因素,为制订政策措施提供依据。方法按照《2011年全国农村环境卫生监测项目技术方案》的要求开展调查。结果 3个监测县共设立60个监测村。监测村的垃圾主要为生活垃圾,约2/3的村为定点堆放,1/3的村为随意堆放,主要堆放在道路和空地;46个村对垃圾进行焚烧或填埋,3个村为随意丢弃(占垃圾量的12.48%)。污水主要来源于生活和养殖业,约80%的污水未经处理直接排放到河流和农田,60%以上为随意排放或明沟排放。监测村总户数为63 576户,卫生厕所普及率为50.39%。调查家庭300户,66.33%的家庭用粪便直接施肥,99.00%的家庭有病媒生物孳生地,发现蟑迹、鼠迹、苍蝇、蚊虫孳生的家庭分别占54.33%、37.00%、67.33%、21.33%。检测农田土壤60份,蛔虫卵检出率为16.67%,镉超标率为38.33%,合江县明显高于其他2个县区。结论泸州市农村垃圾和污水处理较差,卫生厕所普及率较低,粪便无害化处理差,病媒生物孳生严重,农田土壤蛔虫卵和重金属镉污染严重,公共卫生干预措施应尽快实施。
Objective To grasp the present situation of rural environmental sanitation in Luzhou City and its main harmful factors and provide the basis for formulating policies and measures. Methods According to the requirements of the “National Rural Environmental Health Monitoring Project Technical Plan” in 2011. Results Three monitoring counties established 60 monitoring villages. About 2/3 of the villages are designated for site stacking. One-third of the villages are randomly stacked and are mainly stacked on roads and open spaces. 46 villages incinerate or landfill their wastes, and 3 villages are Feel free to discard (12.48% of total waste). Sewage mainly comes from living and breeding industries. About 80% of the sewage is directly discharged into rivers and farmland without any treatment and more than 60% is discharged randomly or ditched. The total number of households in the monitoring village was 63 576, with the prevalence of sanitary latrines being 50.39%. Among 300 households surveyed, 66.33% of households directly fertilized with excrement and 99.00% of households had vector breeding sites. It was found that families with cockroaches, rats tracks, flies and mosquitoes accounted for 54.33%, 37.00%, 67.33% and 21.33% respectively %. 60 soil samples were tested for detection of Ascaris eggs, 16.67% of Ascaris eggs and 38.33% of cadmium. The Hejiang County was significantly higher than the other two counties. Conclusion Luzhou has poor rural rubbish and sewage treatment, lower sanitary latrine penetration rate, poor decontamination treatment, serious breeding of vector organisms, serious pollution of ascaris eggs and heavy metal cadmium in farmland so that public health interventions should be implemented as soon as possible.