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目的通过疟疾监测和个案资料的分析,了解重庆市近年来疟疾流行特征,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供科学依据。方法收集重庆市2005-2015年网络报告疟疾病例的流行病学资料,对发病趋势、疟疾诊断及分型,病例的时间、地区、人群分布进行统计分析。结果 2005-2015年重庆市共报告疟疾病例445例,死亡4例,病死率0.9%,年发病率均在1/10万以下。疟疾各月均有发病,以5-8月病例最多,占47.9%。病例报告以都市功能核心区最多,病例来源以非洲的输入性病例为主。发病以男性居多,占83.8%,发病率男性高于女性(P<0.05);发病年龄以30~39岁组最多,占30.3%;职业以农民最多,占37.3%。病例诊断中,实验室确诊病例占55.3%;从分型来看,间日疟占总病例的38.0%。结论重庆市疟疾发病率逐年降低,恶性疟疾比例升高,疟疾分型呈现多样性。应加强对劳务输出人员和返乡人员的监测,强化感染疟疾高危人群的防治培训。
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic characteristics of Chongqing in recent years through the analysis of malaria surveillance and case data so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Chongqing were collected from 2005 to 2015 in Chongqing, and the trend of incidence, malaria diagnosis and classification, time, region and population distribution of cases were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 445 malaria cases were reported in Chongqing from 2005 to 2015, with 4 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.9%. The annual incidence rates were below 1 in 10,000. Malaria incidence of each month, in May-August the largest number of cases, accounting for 47.9%. Case reports to the core function of the city most, the source of cases in Africa-based input cases. Most of the patients were male, accounting for 83.8%. The incidence of males was higher than that of females (P <0.05). The age of onset was the highest in 30-39 years old group (30.3%), and the occupation was farmer (37.3%). In the case diagnosis, laboratory confirmed cases accounted for 55.3%; from the typing point of view, Vivax malaria accounted for 38.0% of the total cases. Conclusion The incidence of malaria in Chongqing is decreasing year by year, the proportion of malaria is increasing, and the typing of malaria is diversified. Monitoring of labor exporters and returnees should be strengthened so as to strengthen prevention and control training for those at high risk of malaria infection.