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西北干旱区分布的巨大内陆盆地,如准噶尔、塔里木、柴达木盆地和河西走廊等,被认为是典型的戈壁沙漠地区,约占国土总面积的25%。由冰雪融水与降水补给形成的山区河流,流入山前平原,在戈壁带入渗地下,转化为地下水,并在绿洲带溢出地表,成为绿洲耕地的主要灌溉水源。自20世纪50年代以来,由于大规模的水利化建设,导致水资源条件发生巨大变化,生态环境严重恶化,最终导致大片土地荒漠化。因此,重点论述干旱区在人类经济活动影响下,水文系统的演变及其与水环境和生态环境之间的相互影响、相互制约关系。
The vast inland basins distributed in arid regions of the northwest such as Junggar, Tarim, Qaidam Basin and Hexi Corridor are considered as typical Gobi deserts, accounting for about 25% of the total land area. Mountain rivers formed by the melting of ice and snow and recharge of precipitation flow into Piedmont Plain, infiltrating underground in the Gobi Belt, transforming into groundwater and overflowing the surface of the oasis belt, becoming the main irrigation water source for the oasis cultivated land. Since the 1950s, due to large-scale water conservancy construction, great changes have taken place in the water resources conditions and the ecological environment has deteriorated. Eventually, large-scale land desertification has taken place. Therefore, the paper mainly discusses the evolution of hydrological system and its interaction with water environment and ecological environment under the influence of human economic activities in arid areas.