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分析了近32年来周口地区小麦产量与气象要素的关系,找出了灾害性气候歉年的发生规律及特点,进而分析了灾害性气象因子对小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明:播期(10月份)干旱,越冬期(元月份)低温,拨节期(3月份)和灌浆期(5月份)阴雨寡照均为灾害性气候。发生频率依次为25%、31%、41%和28%。上述四期灾害性气象因子对小麦生产主要有五害:晚播弱苗、冻害、倒伏、病虫和早衰。根据以上结果,提出了相应的基础性措施和应变技术对策。
The relationship between wheat yield and meteorological elements in the Zhoukou area in recent 32 years was analyzed. The occurrence regularities and characteristics of the severe climate in the year of apology were found out, and then the impact of disastrous meteorological factors on the growth and development of wheat was analyzed. The results showed that: the sowing date (October) drought, overwintering (January) low temperature, dial-up period (March) and the filling period (May) rain and oligozoa are disastrous climate. Occurrence frequency of 25%, 31%, 41% and 28%. The above four seasonal meteorological factors on the wheat production has five main hazards: late weeds, frost damage, lodging, pests and premature senility. According to the above results, the corresponding basic measures and countermeasures of contingency are put forward.