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在数学学习的过程中,各部分知识之间,存在着相互影响的现象,这就是迁移现象。迁移是指已经获得的知识、技能、方法对学习新知识、新技能的影响。迁移有两种不同的情况,一种是积极的迁移,对学习新知识、新技能起促进作用,叫正迁移;另一种是消极的影响,对学习新知识、新技能起阻碍作用,叫负迁移或干扰。我们的教学工作,从某种角度来讲,就是利用迁移的规律,促进学习知识的正迁移,防止或纠正负迁移。下面,结合分数应用题的教学,谈谈我们在这方面的肤浅体会。一、准备条件,促进知识迁移迁移有其产生的条件。如:掌握有关的知识,思维能力的提高,心理准备的状态及学习中的指导等。在教学中,教师应根据知识迁移的规律,事先作好伏笔,提早为学生掌握较难的知识作好准备。
In the process of mathematics learning, there is an interaction between all parts of knowledge, which is the phenomenon of migration. Migration refers to the acquired knowledge, skills, methods to learn new knowledge, new skills. There are two different situations for migration: one is positive migration, which plays a positive role in learning new knowledge and new skills and the other is negative impact, which hinders the learning of new knowledge and new skills and is called Negative migration or interference. Our teaching work, from a certain point of view, is to utilize the law of migration to promote the positive transfer of learning knowledge and to prevent or correct the negative transfer. Below, combined with the teaching of fractional application questions, talk about our superficial experience in this area. First, prepare conditions, and promote the transfer of knowledge migration has its conditions. Such as: master the relevant knowledge, improve the ability of thinking, the state of mental preparation and learning guidance. In teaching, teachers should make excuses in advance according to the law of knowledge transfer, and prepare students for acquiring difficult knowledge in advance.