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故宫古建筑修砌一新的墙体常析出大量白色盐粉,这种现象被称为“返碱”。大量出现的返碱现象不但大大影响了故宫建筑群的修缮效果和整体美感,而且造成了砖材表面的酥软、脱落的病害,甚至可能对墙体的稳定性与安全性造成了影响。因此,为了解决这个亟待处理的问题,分析研究其产生的原因就显得十分重要。本研究通过化学分析和各种现代仪器分析手段对故宫古建筑不同位置的返碱物质,不同产地、年代的青砖样品,灌浆材料样品,制砖原料、燃料的样品进行了定性和定量分析,证实墙体返碱物质主要成分为Na_2SO_4和K_3Na(SO_4)_2,并利用分析结果对产生这一现象的原因进行了初步探讨。
Forbidden ancient buildings to repair a new wall often out of a large number of white salt, this phenomenon is called “back to base ”. A large number of returned alkali phenomenon not only greatly affected the renovation effect and overall beauty of the Forbidden City complex, but also caused the crispiness and loss of the brick surface, which may even affect the stability and safety of the wall. Therefore, in order to solve this urgent problem, it is very important to analyze the causes of its occurrence. In this study, chemical analysis and various modern instruments were used to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the samples of brick-returning material, grouting material, brick-making raw material and fuel at different positions in ancient buildings in the Forbidden City, It was confirmed that the main components of the wall-returning alkali were Na_2SO_4 and K_3Na (SO_4) _2, and the reasons for this phenomenon were discussed with the analysis results.