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杜文秀京控为清朝影响最大的回民京控案件。道光年间,云南保山县回汉械斗,地方官员互相回护并偏袒汉民,效法一般民人京控成了最后自救的方式。云贵总督林则徐“不问回汉,止分良莠”的公平处置,使回民的委屈暂时得到伸张。然而一指之痈实为全身病,该案披露了清朝边区地方州县吏治的弊病,及隐藏于社会底层的族群歧视与偏见。本文扬弃所谓“民族压迫”的史观,藉助台北故宫典藏之军机处档与文献梳理案件始末,探讨清朝边区地方的社会、民族与法制问题,希冀能对前人研究有所补益。
Du Wenxiu controlled Beijing as the most influential Muslim-controlled case in the Qing Dynasty. During the Daoguang period, Baoshan County in Yunnan returned to the Han Dynasty and local officials took charge of each other and favored the Han people. Following the example of controlling ordinary people in Beijing, control became the last resort for self-help. Lin Zexu, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Province, put the fair disposal of “no return to the Chinese and no good points”, so that the grievances of the Hui people can be temporarily extended. However, the one sign of truth was all-encompassing. The case disclosed the shortcomings of officialdom in the prefectures and counties in the border areas of the Qing Dynasty and the ethnic discrimination and prejudice hidden in the bottom of society. This article discards the so-called “national oppression” concept of history, with the help of Taipei National Palace Museum files and documents combing the whole story, to explore the Qing dynasty border areas of social, ethnic and legal issues, hoping to benefit some of our predecessors.