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今人研究上古音的材料主要根据(1)谐声异文、声训和诗文押韵;(2)域外对音;(3)现代汉语、方言和汉藏系少数民族语言资料;(4)从《切韵》系韵书往上推。因此,要求上古音的构拟应当能够解释后代活的语言——汉语方言的音韵变化。事实上,某些较古老的方言往往能保存某些上古音的“残存形式”,这些“残存形式”是研究上古音的重要线索和依据。比如闽语,有些学者认为它在汉代就已经从汉祖语中分裂出来,保留不少上古音的成分。但是由于各汉语方言形成的时代不同,如客方言形成于
The material of ancient people’s study of ancient Chinese is mainly based on (1) rhyming, rhyming and poetry rhyming; (2) foreign dialects; (3) modern Chinese, dialects and ethnic Tibetan languages; (4) “Cut rhyme” Department rhyme book up push. Therefore, it is required that the formulation of the ancient Chinese sound should be able to explain the living language of the posterity - the phonological variation of the Chinese dialect. In fact, some older dialects often preserve the “residual forms” of some ancient Chinese sounds. These “residual forms” are important clues and grounds for the study of ancient Chinese sounds. For example, Min Dialect, some scholars think it has been separated from the Han language in the Han Dynasty, retaining a lot of the composition of the ancient Chinese. However, due to the different times of the formation of Chinese dialects, the formation of guest dialect is formed