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目的探讨高原训练对大鼠小肠粘膜形态结构和功能的影响及可能机制,并探讨小麦肽的干预作用。方法清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组(C组,n=10)、运动训练组(E组,n=10)、低氧对照组(HC组,n=10)、低氧+运动训练组(HE组,n=10)和低氧+运动训练+小麦肽组(HEW组,n=10)5组。低氧条件为模拟海拔高度3 000 m,氧浓度为14.2%。运动训练采用90 min的无负重游泳运动,每周6天。HEW组在每次训练后按照500 mg/kg·bw剂量灌服小麦肽溶液。9周后,观察小肠粘膜组织结构,并检测大鼠血清MAO含量以及肠组织中SOD、GSH-Px、MDA的含量。结果 (1)长期的运动训练可使大鼠小肠绒毛长度和数量增加,血清MAO活性降低,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),而低氧暴露可使大鼠小肠绒毛长度和数量均显著减少,血清MAO活性显著升高(P<0.01),低氧和运动训练对进一步降低大鼠小肠绒毛长度、数量和升高血清MAO活性具有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。与HE相比,HEW组大鼠小肠绒毛长度和数量均显著增加(P<0.05),血清MAO活性极显著性降低(P<0.01)。(2)长期的运动训练可使大鼠小肠SOD、GSH-Px活性升高,MDA含量降低,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),低氧暴露可使大鼠小肠SOD、GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01),低氧暴露和运动训练对进一步降低大鼠小肠SOD、GSH-Px活性,升高MDA含量具有显著的交互作用(P<0.01)。与HE组相比,HEW组小肠SOD和GSH-Px活性显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 (1)长期的高原训练能引起肠道抗氧化能力下降,氧自由基生成增多,从而导致小肠粘膜的结构和功能发生损伤。但在低氧和运动训练两个因素中,低氧对小肠粘膜屏障的影响占有主导地位。(2)补充小麦肽可提高高原训练大鼠小肠的抗氧化能力,减少氧自由基的生成,有效地防止长期高原训练引起的小肠粘膜屏障的损伤。
Objective To investigate the effect of plateau training on the morphology and function of small intestinal mucosa and its possible mechanism, and to explore the intervention effect of wheat peptide. Methods Clean male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 10 in group C), exercise training group (n = 10), hypoxic control group (n = 10 in HC group) Training group (HE group, n = 10) and hypoxia + exercise training + wheat peptide group (HEW group, n = 10). Under hypoxic conditions, the simulated altitude was 3 000 m and the oxygen concentration was 14.2%. Exercise training using 90 min non-weight-bearing swimming exercise, 6 days a week. The HEW group was dosed with the wheat peptide solution at a dose of 500 mg / kg · bw after each training session. After 9 weeks, the structure of small intestinal mucosa was observed. The content of MAO in serum and SOD, GSH-Px and MDA in intestinal tissue were detected. Results (1) Long-term exercise training could increase the length and number of villi in intestine and serum MAO activity, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05), while the length and number of villi (P <0.01). Hypoxia and exercise training had a significant interaction (P <0.05) to further reduce the villus length, quantity and serum MAO activity in rats. Compared with HE, the length and number of small intestine villi in HEW group were significantly increased (P <0.05), and serum MAO activity was significantly decreased (P <0.01). (2) Long-term exercise training could increase SOD, GSH-Px activity and MDA content in the small intestine of rats, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). The activity of SOD and GSH-Px (P <0.01). Hypoxia exposure and exercise training significantly decreased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in small intestine and increased the content of MDA (P <0.01). Compared with HE group, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in small intestine of HEW group were significantly increased (P <0.05, P <0.01), MDA content was significantly decreased (P <0.01). Conclusions (1) Long-term plateau training can cause the decline of intestinal antioxidant capacity, the increase of oxygen free radicals, resulting in the damage of the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa. However, hypoxia and exercise training in two factors, the impact of low oxygen on the intestinal mucosal barrier dominated. (2) Supplementing wheat peptide can improve the anti-oxidative capacity of small intestine and reduce the formation of oxygen free radicals in plateau-trained rats and effectively prevent the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier caused by long-term altitude training.