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目的了解济南铁路地区3岁幼儿的形态发育状况。方法对济南铁路地区613名3岁幼儿的身高、体质量、胸围发育情况进行调查分析,并与兖州铁路地区的调查结果进行比较。结果济南铁路地区:男童的身高和胸围平均数高于女童(身高u=2.37,P<0.02;胸围u=2.16,P<0.05),男女童的体质量差异无统计学意义(u=0.66,P>0.5)。济南铁路地区与兖州相比:济南铁路地区男童的身高优势明显(u=23.09,P<0.01),2地男童的体质量和胸围差别不大(体质量u=1.91,P>0.05;胸围u=0.72,P>0.2);济南铁路地区女童的身高、体质量、胸围平均数高于兖州的女童(身高u=50.83,P<0.01;体质量u=4.88,P<0.01;胸围u=4.83,P<0.01)。济南铁路地区3岁幼儿身高、体质量、胸围3项指标的等级构成比分布,无论是该地区男女童、各年份的比较,还是与兖州的比较,其分布基本一致,差异无统计学意义。结论济南铁路地区3岁幼儿的身体发育基本符合儿童的发育规律,而该地区男童体质量、胸围发育落后于身高发育。
Objective To understand the morphological development of 3-year-old children in Jinan railway area. Methods A total of 613 3-year-old children in Jinan railway area were surveyed for height, body mass and chest circumference, and the results were compared with those of Yanzhou-Shandong railway area. Results Jinan Railway: The average height and bust of boys were higher than those of girls (height = 2.37, P <0.02; bust u = 2.16, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in body mass between boys and girls , P> 0.5). Compared with Yanzhou, Jinan Railway Region: The height advantage of boys in Jinan railway area was obvious (u = 23.09, P <0.01); the body mass and chest circumference of two boys were not significantly different (u = 1.91, P> Bust u = 0.72, P> 0.2). The average height, body mass and bust of girls in Jinan railway area were higher than that of girls in Yanzhou (height u = 50.83, P <0.01; body weight u = 4.88, = 4.83, P <0.01). The grade distribution of height, body mass and bust of 3-year-olds in Jinan railway area are distributed equally, no matter whether there is a comparison between boys and girls in different regions or years or Yanzhou. Conclusion The physical development of 3-year-old children in Jinan railway basically accorded with the developmental rules of children. However, the body mass and the development of chest circumference in this area lagged behind the growth of height.